EducationMadras State (Congress era)
Rajaji's Modified Scheme of Elementary Education
· Chennai
Rajaji's two-shift school scheme, criticised as Kula Kalvi Thittam (hereditary education), triggered protests and was later dropped.
The Rajaji government introduced a Modified Scheme of Elementary Education in rural schools from 18 June 1953. Under it children would attend school for one session and spend the other learning a trade or helping at home, often their family occupation. Opponents including the Dravidar Kazhagam and the DMK called it Kula Kalvi Thittam, or hereditary education, arguing it entrenched caste occupations. Facing opposition within Congress, the scheme was put on hold in July 1953 and dropped altogether on 18 May 1954 after Rajaji had resigned.
